Kgk Hospital

Diabetes

Diabetes is not a disease but a disturbance or alteration in insulin secretion and its utilisation.
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produced. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood glucose in our body.

1.IDDM (Insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus)

This type of Diabetes occurs in children/adolescence Depending on how many Beta cells of the pancreas are non-functioning

2.NIDDM (Non insulin dependent Diabetes)

This type of Diabetes occurs above 25-30 years of age with
Family History.

Early Symptoms of Diabetes

These early symptoms are mostly not seen in everyone with Diabetes but seen in some percentage of population with Diabetes. Mostly it is asymptomatic in the early stages and it is diagnosed abruptly during unforeseen conditions.

1. Excessive thirst
2. Excessive urination (micturition)
3. Increased weight loss inspite of increased food intake
4. Easy Fatiguability
5. Itchy skin

Preventive Measures To Overcome Diabetes

1. Following a well balanced diet
2. Regular Exercise/Walking
3. Maintaining BMI < 23
4. Waist Hip Ratio for men < 95cm
5. Waist Hip Ratio for women < 85cm
6. Activities to curb stress levels
7. Mandatory Yearly once Health check up

Investigations For Early Diagnosis Of Diabetes

OGTT

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

FBS

Fasting blood sugar between 80-110mg/dl

PPBS

Post Prandial blood sugar 80-140mg/dl

HbA1C

3 Months Average Blood Glucose test

How To Control Diabetes And Its Complications

Regular exercise /walking/Yoga/Meditation
Balanced Diet to be taken at proper intervals including more of green leafy vegetables and fibre rich diet
Low salt / Low fat / Less oil / Low sugar diet avoiding fruit juices which is high in sugar levels
Cessation of Smoking / Alcohol
Following medications as per Doctors advise

Tests To Be Done On Regular Basis For Diabetes

Once a month
- Fasting blood sugar (80-110mg/dl)
- Post prandial blood sugar (140-180 mg/dl)
Once in 3 months
- HbA1C < 7%
Once in 6 months
- Lipid profile

Once in a year
- TMT( Treadmill test)
- ECG
- ECHO
- Check
  (VPT,HCPT,Pedography,Podiascan,ABI)
- Vascoldoploar of the Foot /Lower limb blood flow
- Urea, Creatinine

Diet Chart For Diabetes

A cup of coffee /tea without sugar

Idli ¾ /chapathi ¾ /Upma /Pongal with Sambar/ peanut chutney/mint coriander, curry leaves, garlic chutney /Tomato onion chutney

A cup of coffee/tea without sugar
Avoid Ghee/ Vanaspathi and its food items
Avoid coconut,potatoes,semiya upma,fast food like Maggi noodles or instant food items (Junk)

Sugar free biscuits 2 nos/cucumber slices/Tomato onion salad/vegetable soup/ a cup of tea/coffee
During summers intake of buttermilk/tomato jucie/lemon juice with a pinch of salt is recommended
Avoid other fruit juices as it may raise blood glucose levels immediately
Coke / Limca/7 up/Maaza/Cool drinks/Complan/Boost/Horlicks should be avoided

1cup of rice, sambar, rasam, Buttermilk can be taken as lunch
Add green leafy vegetables (spinach),vegetables
Avoid starch rich food such as potatoes,yam
Avoid adding excessive oil/coconut while cooking spinach and vegetables
Do not consume sweets /Ice creams/shallow fried /deep fried food items
Fish curry and chicken curry can be taken in small quantities
Avoid meat in any fried form

Add 1 cup of sprouts (any) a day around 50-100gms .Green peas/Gram dhal/Boiled peanuts / Marie biscuits 4 nos.Take any one of these along with 1 cup of Tea/Coffee/Milk without adding sugar

Chapathi/wheat dosa /Ragi dosa 2/3 with side dish as vegetables /dhal/green chutney
Avoid eating parotta as maida is unhealthy

Milk without sugar (only if needed)

Diabetes

Diabetes

There are 2 types of Diabetes

1.IDDM (Insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus)

2.NIDDM (Non insulin dependent Diabetes)